Origins of the universe
The origins of the universe are three main theories that state the how the universe had been created to the way it is today.
The three different theories are:
The Big Bang Theory
The Pulsating Theory
The Steady State Theory
The three different theories are:
The Big Bang Theory
The Pulsating Theory
The Steady State Theory
The Big Bang Theory
The Big Bang Theory suggests that around 14 billion years ago in complete blackness there was one miniscule atom that cannot be seen bye the human eye. Then suddenly the atom let loose a huge amount of energy into a small Universe i.e. The Big Bang. The Universe
immediately started to get bigger and bigger and making more space (and it is still getting bigger today).
As the Universe expanded and cooled, energy changed into
particles of matter and antimatter. These two opposite types of particles
largely destroyed each other. But some matter survived. More stable particles
called protons and neutrons started to form when the Universe was one second
old.
Over the next three minutes, the temperature dropped below 1
billion degrees Celsius. It was now cool enough for the protons and neutrons to
come together, forming hydrogen and helium nuclei.
After 300 000 years, the Universe had cooled to about 3000
degrees. Atomic nuclei could finally capture electrons to form atoms. The
Universe filled with clouds of hydrogen and helium gas
The Big Bang Theory suggests that around 14 billion years ago in complete blackness there was one miniscule atom that cannot be seen bye the human eye. Then suddenly the atom let loose a huge amount of energy into a small Universe i.e. The Big Bang. The Universe
immediately started to get bigger and bigger and making more space (and it is still getting bigger today).
As the Universe expanded and cooled, energy changed into
particles of matter and antimatter. These two opposite types of particles
largely destroyed each other. But some matter survived. More stable particles
called protons and neutrons started to form when the Universe was one second
old.
Over the next three minutes, the temperature dropped below 1
billion degrees Celsius. It was now cool enough for the protons and neutrons to
come together, forming hydrogen and helium nuclei.
After 300 000 years, the Universe had cooled to about 3000
degrees. Atomic nuclei could finally capture electrons to form atoms. The
Universe filled with clouds of hydrogen and helium gas
The Pulsating Theory
According to this theory, the universe is supposed to be expanding and
contracting alternately (pulsating). At present, the universe is Pulsating and
expanding.
According to pulsating theory, it is possible that at a certain time, the
expansion of the universe may be stopped by the gravitational pull and it may
contract again. After it has been contracted to a certain size, explosion again
occurs and the universe will start expanding. The alternate expansion and
contraction of the universe give rise to pulsating universe.
According to this theory, the universe is supposed to be expanding and
contracting alternately (pulsating). At present, the universe is Pulsating and
expanding.
According to pulsating theory, it is possible that at a certain time, the
expansion of the universe may be stopped by the gravitational pull and it may
contract again. After it has been contracted to a certain size, explosion again
occurs and the universe will start expanding. The alternate expansion and
contraction of the universe give rise to pulsating universe.
The Steady State Theory
The steady-state theory is a view that the universe is always expanding but maintaining a constant average density, matter being continuously created to form new stars and galaxies at the same rate that old ones become unobservant as a consequence of their increasing distance and velocity of recession. A steady-state universe has no beginning or end in time.
The steady-state theory is a view that the universe is always expanding but maintaining a constant average density, matter being continuously created to form new stars and galaxies at the same rate that old ones become unobservant as a consequence of their increasing distance and velocity of recession. A steady-state universe has no beginning or end in time.
The Creationist Theory
The Creationist Theory suggests that God created the whole universe in seven days which is stated and supported in the bible. On the first day God divided light from the dark, on the second day he created the sky and divided the waters, on the third day he created the dry land, grass and trees, on the fourth day he created the sun, moon and stars, on the fifth day he created the sea creatures and birds, on the sixth day he created land animals and mankind. And on the Seventh day he rested after all the good creations he had made.
The Creationist Theory suggests that God created the whole universe in seven days which is stated and supported in the bible. On the first day God divided light from the dark, on the second day he created the sky and divided the waters, on the third day he created the dry land, grass and trees, on the fourth day he created the sun, moon and stars, on the fifth day he created the sea creatures and birds, on the sixth day he created land animals and mankind. And on the Seventh day he rested after all the good creations he had made.
Red Shift
Redshift is the frequency of light when observed,
under certain circumstances, can be lower than the frequency of light. This usually occurs when the source moves away from you, as in the Doppler effect. The term redshift is used for the observation that the spectrum of light emitted by distant galaxies is shifted to
lower frequencies when compared to closer stars. This is taken as evidence that
galaxies are moving away from each other, that the universe is exanding and that
it started in a Big Bang. Scientists use redshifts to find out the rotation of our galaxy, the tug of a distant planet or star, and measure the expansion rate of the universe.
Redshift is the frequency of light when observed,
under certain circumstances, can be lower than the frequency of light. This usually occurs when the source moves away from you, as in the Doppler effect. The term redshift is used for the observation that the spectrum of light emitted by distant galaxies is shifted to
lower frequencies when compared to closer stars. This is taken as evidence that
galaxies are moving away from each other, that the universe is exanding and that
it started in a Big Bang. Scientists use redshifts to find out the rotation of our galaxy, the tug of a distant planet or star, and measure the expansion rate of the universe.
The Hubble Constant
Edwin Hubble published his research on the motion of galaxies in 1929. The research Edwin published changed our understanding of the universe as he showed evidence that the universe was expanding. Every galaxy he studied he measured in two properties:
- Its distance from the Milky Way galaxy in mega parsecs (Mpc)
- And its recession velocity
This graph shows the recession velocity against distance.
The Hubble Constant provides evidence that the universe is expanding (Big Bang Theory).
Edwin Hubble published his research on the motion of galaxies in 1929. The research Edwin published changed our understanding of the universe as he showed evidence that the universe was expanding. Every galaxy he studied he measured in two properties:
- Its distance from the Milky Way galaxy in mega parsecs (Mpc)
- And its recession velocity
This graph shows the recession velocity against distance.
The Hubble Constant provides evidence that the universe is expanding (Big Bang Theory).
